For gastritis, in addition to drug treatment, other methods of therapy are used: traditional methods of treatment, diet.What can you eat during a diet for stomach gastritis to achieve the effect of such treatment?
General information on diets for gastritis
The treatment of gastritis is usually complex and includes, in addition to drug therapy, various diets.The diet for gastritis means a lot, since dry food, snacks on the run (hot dogs, pizza, etc.), irregular meals, too cold or hot foods and a large amount of spices can cause an exacerbation of gastritis.
The gastroenterologist prescribes diet and drug treatment of gastritis based on the type of disease, worrying symptoms and the causes that led to the onset of the disease.Patients may be bothered by pain, feeling of heaviness and burning in the epigastrium, feeling of fullness in the stomach, feeling of hunger after eating, belching, vomiting, increased salivation, decreased appetite and indigestion.
The diet for gastritis, especially in the acute period, should not contain foods that irritate the stomach.What diet should you follow?The prescribed diet depends on the severity of the exacerbation (attack) in the patient;furthermore the type of diet depends on the level of acidity of the stomach.
If you have gastritis, exclude the following types of foods from your diet:
- any broths;
- animal fats;
- fried and spicy foods;
- smoked meats, any snacks;
- fatty meat and fish;
- pickled and pickled vegetables;
- mushrooms (due to difficult digestibility);
- some types of cereals: corn, millet, barley, pearl barley;
- fresh berries;
- fermented milk drinks, sour cream;
- some vegetables and seasonings: onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, white cabbage;
- vinegar, ketchup, mayonnaise, pepper, spices, sauces;
- some types of drinks: strong coffee, tea, carbonated and undiluted acidic fruit juices.
During exacerbation of the disease, dietary nutrition contributes to the remission of the disease, therefore foods that strongly affect secretion and act as irritants are excluded from the diet.
Products that irritate the mucous membranes
Mechanical irritation is caused by:
- abundant table;
- consumption of cartilage, fibrous meat, poultry skin;
- consumption of a significant amount of coarse fiber, which is found in beans, radishes, raisins, currants, grapes, gooseberries and bran bread.
Fried foods have the greatest mechanical effect on the gastric mucosa.To a lesser extent, this effect is exerted by dishes prepared by cooking in the oven or in a bain-marie.
Chemical irritation is caused by products from the following list:
- broths, vegetable and mushroom decoctions;
- various spices;
- canned food;
- fried and smoked foods (meat and fish);
- salted, pickled, pickled vegetables;
- hard boiled eggs;
- tomato sauce;
- rye bread, cakes, pastries made from butter dough - tarts, pastries, tarts, biscuits;
- fermented milk products;
- unripe sour fruits;
- some types of raw vegetables: onions, garlic, radishes, radishes;
- some types of drinks: strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
The chemical effect that food can have on the gastrointestinal tract is indicated by the presence in it of extracts, organic acids, table salt, water-soluble sugars and essential oils.
Thermal irritation is caused by very hot or very cold foods: dishes with a temperature lower than 15° and higher than 57-62°C are irritating, and cold meals taken on an empty stomach increase intestinal motility.The most acceptable temperature for food is around 37-38°C.
The diet is selected based on its qualitative composition, the method of culinary processing of products (heat treatment - frying, boiling, steaming, baking) and the degree of grinding.
Sweet diet and fasting
A gentle diet, in addition to eliminating irritating substances, includes divided meals, which facilitates the digestion and absorption of food.It is preferable to eat pureed, warm, non-coarse dishes that have a juice-like effect: milk, milk porridge, eggs, boiled lean fish, steamed meat.
Sometimes it is considered advisable to fast, since the very consumption of any food causes an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid.With short-term abstinence from food, stomach acidity decreases, the production of saliva, bile and peristalsis also decreases.
The greatest effect of fasting days is observed during the exacerbation of the disease, when complete refusal of food alternates with the consumption of light foods.With this eating plan, toxins and waste products leave the body faster.But there are contraindications for fasting: it is not used for severe weight loss, for anorexia, when carrying a child and is not used for children.
Fasting should not begin immediately with complete refusal of food.First, they switch to light foods (for example, kefir), spend 5 days on such a light diet, and then switch to fasting.
Fasting can be of two types: with the first option (dry fasting) drinking water is prohibited, with the second option it is allowed to drink natural or simply boiled mineral water.On the second day you can drink weak tea, it lasts 4-5 days.Exiting a hunger strike begins with consuming rice water and wheat crackers.Then they begin to eat boiled liquid oatmeal, rice and semolina porridge, prepared with water or with a small amount of milk.It is good to eat mucous soups or cereal infusions with soups during the day.The consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables is excluded.
Separate food
Nutritional options when the diet does not allow the simultaneous intake of fats, proteins and carbohydrates are called separate meals.For example, meat should not be eaten with starchy and green vegetables.Green vegetables can be combined with many foods: fats, proteins, cereals.Confectionery products (flour) and sugar are consumed separately from all foods to avoid fermentation, belching and heartburn.
Adhering to the principles of separate nutrition, it is possible to normalize digestion, metabolic processes in the body and reduce weight.Properly combined foods are absorbed faster, do not cause fermentation and toxic substances are not formed in the blood.
Food exit speed
For easy digestion and elimination of food from the body, it is not recommended to consume liquid and solid foods at the same time.Liquid and pasty food leaves the stomach faster than solid food, so it is advisable during diets to increase the speed of passage of food.
Prunes and raisins remain in the stomach for a particularly long time;if gastritis worsens it is not recommended to consume them during the first months.
It also affects the speed of movement of food and its type: proteins, carbohydrates or fats.Carbohydrates leave the body fastest, followed by proteins, and only fats remain longer.Fats have little effect on the production of gastric juice, but they increase the period of time that food remains in the stomach, since fats are difficult to break down: the longer the food remains in the stomach, the stronger the release of hydrochloric acid.During an exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to avoid fats.
Purpose of the diet
When prescribing a diet, many factors are taken into account, including concomitant diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas and intestines.If you are prone to diarrhea, you are prescribed diet No.4;if symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis are present, diet no. is prescribed.5 (with the exception of whole milk and the reduction of fresh fruit and vegetables).The duration of the diet is also selected individually.A strict diet, prescribed in the acute phase, is maintained for 1-2 months.But the basic rules of proper nutrition must be followed for many years.
The prescribed diets also depend on the form and type of course of the disease.In case of acute, erosive (ulcerative) gastritis and exacerbation of chronic gastritis, a strict diet is prescribed;during the period of remission, the diet is slightly expanded.For any type of gastritis (superficial, hypertrophic, subatrophic, hyperplastic, hemorrhagic, catarrhal, focal, mixed reflux, etc.), alcohol, smoking, fatty, fried and spicy foods are strictly prohibited.
With gastritis, the goal is to restore the normal activity of the stomach, regenerate the affected areas of the mucosa, normalize acidity and the activity of digestive enzymes.
What can you eat if you have acute gastritis?
In acute forms of gastritis it is recommended not to eat on the first day;It is allowed to drink tea and natural mineral water.From day 2 you can eat by introducing into the diet: liquid porridge (preferably oatmeal), mashed potatoes (liquid with water), soft-boiled eggs, gelatin.A strict diet is necessary during the period of exacerbation;as the symptoms subside, the diet is expanded.With low acidity it is recommended to eat more foods that help the secretion of hydrochloric acid;with high acidity, vice versa.
| Calms the stomach | They act irritatingly |
| Mineral drinking water without gas, light tea | Alcoholic and carbonated drinks |
| Weak vegetable soups | Coffee, cocoa (low fat) |
| Porridge | Savory dishes |
| Lean meat and fish well cooked | All dishes fried, pickled, smoked |
| Vegetable puree (potatoes, rutabaga, carrots, cauliflower) | Strong and rich broths |
| Ricotta | Canned food, spices |
| Fresh white bread | Black bread |
| Sugar | Eggs (yolk only) |
Diet for chronic gastritis
In this case, diet no. is prescribed.2. Food should be varied in composition;the diet should contain foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase appetite, which is reduced in these patients.
Allowed and prohibited products for chronic gastritis:
| Allowed | Prohibited |
| Lean meat or fish, soups with lean broth (meat or fish) | Fatty meat and fish |
| Soaked herring, caviar (black) | Cold drinks |
| Boiled, stewed, baked vegetables, herbs - dill, parsley | Fresh bread |
| Fruit and vegetable juices, soft apples | Pastry products |
| Soft-boiled eggs, cheese (mild), low-fat ham | Lots of grapes or cabbage |
| Stale rye bread | Savory and spicy dishes |
| Porridge dissolved with water or a small amount of milk | Milk |
Due to the fact that patients with this form of gastritis often do not tolerate milk well, it is recommended to consume fermented milk products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt) - fresh and as a casserole or pudding.
Features of the diet for hypoacid gastritis
Eating should happen at least 5 times a day.Therapeutic nutrition is followed for 2-3 months after the acute period.It is a good idea to supplement your diet with vitamin and mineral supplements.
In this case, at the beginning of the exacerbation, a strict diet is followed, the purpose of which is to reduce the exacerbation.Subsequently, they begin to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice.The diet prescribed for low acidity is diet no.2.
Table of permitted and prohibited products for low acidity (hypoacid gastritis):
| Allowed | Prohibited |
| Rabbit, chicken, lean meat in the form of meatballs, meatballs, cutlets | Fried foods, baked foods |
| Lean fish, fish soup | Alcoholic drinks |
| Meat broths, soups – vegetable, fruit, peas | Salty and spicy dishes and condiments (horseradish, pepper, mustard, garlic) |
| Vegetable purees, stews, salads from beets, carrots, potatoes, courgettes (except spinach and sorrel) | Mushrooms |
| Sour cream, kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheesecake, diluted cream, a little butter, mild cheese, steamed omelettes, soft-boiled eggs | Rough, fibrous and fatty meat, pork |
| Fruit juices (excluding grape juice), compotes, rosehip decoction, blackcurrant berries | Raw vegetables, including radishes, radishes, onions, fresh cucumbers, peppers, turnips, cabbage;pickled vegetables |
| Weak tea (with milk), water with lemon and sugar | Grape juice and whole grapes, prunes, raisins |
| White crackers, dry biscuits | Fresh bread, dry pastries |
| Porridge | Smoked products (meat and fish) |
| Jellied meat | Milk |
| Sweet berries (raspberries, strawberries) and fruit puree;jam, compotes, jelly | Legumes, cereals – pearl barley, corn, barley, millet |
| Pasta | Okroshka |
It is recommended to drink mineral water 20-30 minutes before meals.
The diet is followed for about 3 weeks, it all depends on how you feel.After reducing inflammation, you can gradually begin to stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid: prepare stronger meat broths, sometimes serve a pickled cucumber or a piece of herring for lunch, you can eat a sandwich with grainy caviar.To stimulate the production of gastric juice, half an hour before meals you should drink lemon juice diluted with water (0.5 cups).
It is allowed to eat fried foods, but without breading.It is good to start taking bitterness from herbs - to increase appetite and taste sensations.Drinking kumiss is good for secretion;drinking kvass is not harmful, but you should not get carried away because it improves the processes of gas formation.You can also drink coffee, but no more than 1 cup per day.
Also, the diet is expanded and it is allowed to consume cocoa, kefir and strong tea.If you feel well, the diet expands after a few months: you can eat almost anything, but you should not abuse salt, spices, cabbage and grapes.Hot dishes must be present at breakfast and lunch.
Sample menu for the period of exacerbation of gastritis:
- breakfast– weak tea with milk and oatmeal;
- second breakfast– apple (cooked);
- lunch– compote, steamed meat cutlet with buckwheat polenta, broth with meatballs;
- dinner– vegetable puree, ricotta (can be with jam);
- before going to bed:a glass of kefir with white crackers.
Diet for hyperacid gastritis
With hyperacid gastritis it is necessary to eat at certain hours, in small portions, 5-6 times a day.It is important to chew food thoroughly: chopped food does not damage the mucosa, and during chewing, more gastric juice and saliva are produced, which help digest food.All dishes should be minimally seasoned and salted.
In the first few weeks the diet is almost the same as the low acid one.The difference is that with gastritis with high acidity it is useful to consume more dairy products and milk to normalize the high acidity.
If milk causes bloating or diarrhea, it can be diluted, drunk and added to tea.If this does not help, it is replaced with slimy soups.
All food should be pureed, hot, chopped.A few weeks later, after a strict diet, foods are added that have little effect on the synthesis of gastric juice.The principle of split meals is also preserved.The diet should be rich in protein to restore the stomach cells.
For hyperacid gastritis, diet number 1 is recommended (it is good for weight loss).Then - diet 1A for up to 10 days, after - diet 1B and No.1 (up to several months).
List of permitted and prohibited products:
| Allowed | Prohibited |
| Boiled lean meats: rabbit, chicken, pigeon.Dishes made from them, boiled in water or steamed, in the form of meatballs, cutlets, soufflés | Spicy, smoked and fried dishes (or baked with crust - grill), sausages, sausages |
| Lean fish: hake, pink salmon, cod and other seafood | Broths rich in meat and fish |
| Vegetable puree, grated vegetables - baby peas, potatoes, beets, carrots;fresh cabbage juice | Coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, kvass, beer |
| Fruit jelly, jelly, puree (strawberries, raspberries, apples) | Cranberry, sour fruit or citrus juices |
| Porridges boiling well in water: semolina, rice, oatmeal | Tomatoes, garlic, onions, turnips, radishes, peppers, cabbage |
| Milk, fresh ricotta | Mustard, ginger |
| Steamed omelettes, soft-boiled eggs, milk, cream, fresh ricotta, flans | Legumes, chocolate |
| Slimy soups with the addition of cereal puree, milk puree of various cereals (except millet) | Marinades, pickles, seasonings, salt |
| White bread crackers | Fermented milk products |
| Sugar, darling | Coffee, alcoholic drinks |
| Rosehip decoction with sugar, tea (with milk or cream) | Black bread |
One hour before meals it is recommended to drink Borjomi alkaline mineral water (1 glass).
Oven-dried crackers can replace fresh brown bread.It is recommended to add vegetable oil to dishes to speed up the healing process of mucosal damage that occurs with this type of gastritis.
Menu for exacerbation:
- breakfast: steamed omelette, whipped milk porridge (oatmeal), tea with milk;
- second breakfast - milk with crackers;
- lunch - soup of mashed potatoes and carrots, steamed meat cutlets with a side dish of mashed potatoes, fruit jelly;
- afternoon snack: a glass of milk.
- dinner - boiled fish with a side dish of carrot and beetroot puree, tea with milk;
- at night - a glass of milk.
Food recipes
For ease of preparation, they create an approximate menu of dietary dishes for the week, taking into account the permitted foods.It is very convenient and complies with the rules of a gentle cooking method when preparing dishes in a slow cooker.
Mucous soups are used during exacerbations and pain.Milk soups are used in diets 1A and 1B.Most often these are cereal soups prepared with milk diluted with water (1:1).Puree soups are prepared with cereals, potatoes and carrots are added, after which everything is blended and a drizzle of oil is added.
To prepare second courses it is better to use cooking (steamed or in a bain-marie).This is how omelettes, puddings, sauces, etc. are prepared.The meat is boiled in small pieces (to eliminate the extractive substances), the broth is drained and the meat is cooked in new water.
Sample recipes from foods allowed during diets:
First courses
Creamy pumpkin soup with dill
Boil the courgettes and potatoes and blend them in the blender.Bring to the desired structure with vegetable broth, salt, add the cream and finely chopped dill.
Slimy rice soup with minced chicken (breast) and cream
Boiled chicken fillet is ground in a blender.The puree is mixed with rice water, lightly salted and brought to a boil.Cool the soup to 70°C, add the cream and egg mixture and beat.
Second courses:
Turkey cutlets
The minced turkey is salted, butter and wholemeal bread soaked in milk are added.Form cutlets and steam them.
Delicious diet desserts:
Rice pudding with apples
Cook rice porridge, add grated apples, egg yolk and sugar.Beat the mixture and add the pre-whipped egg whites.Place in molds and steam for at least half an hour.The finished pudding is poured with fruit jelly.
Curd soufflé
Beat the ricotta, egg yolks, semolina, milk and cream.The whipped whites are added to the mixture and mixed gently.The resulting mass in the form is steamed.